HR 8799 System (NIRCam image)

The NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope has provided the clearest look yet at the iconic multi-planet system HR 8799. The observations detected carbon dioxide in each of the planets, which provides strong evidence that the system’s four giant planets formed much like Jupiter and Saturn, by slowly building solid cores that attract gas from within a protoplanetary disk.

Colours are applied to filters from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera), revealing their intrinsic differences. A star symbol marks the location of the host star HR 8799, whose light has been blocked by a coronagraph.

The colours in this image, which represent different wavelengths captured by Webb’s NIRCam, tell researchers about the temperatures and composition of the planets. HR 8799 b, which orbits around 10.1 billion kilometres from the star, is the coldest of the bunch, and the richest in carbon dioxide. HR 8799 e orbits 2.4 billion kilometres from its star, and likely formed closer to the host star, where there were stronger variations in the composition of material.

In this image, the colour blue is assigned to 4.1 micron light, green to 4.3 micron light, and red to the 4.6 micron light.

[Image description: This image shows the planetary system HR 8799. The image background is black. At the centre of the image, there is a symbol representing a star labeled HR 8799. This star blocks the light from the host star. There are four exoplanets, which look like fuzzy dots, pictured in the image surrounding the star. Furthest from the star is a fuzzy, faint blue dot, labeled b, at the 10 o’clock position. At the one o’clock position, second furthest from the star is a blueish-white fuzzy dot labeled c. Just below that is an orange dot labeled e. At the four o’clock position, still nearby the star, is another fuzzy white dot labeled d.]